Improving Student Learning When Budgets Are Tight (Ch. 3 Summary) Essay

Improving Student Learning When Budgets Are Tight (Ch. 3 Summary) - Essay ExampleThus the authors major argument is that schools and districts should develop strategic plans to successfully cope with tightening budgets. According to the author there be four major reasons why schools are facing problems with cost increases, namely, unforesightful classes, more electives, automatic pay increases, and growing benefit costs (Odden, 2012, 47-49). First, some schools and districts reduce class sizes in the belief that it leave behind improve bookman performance. Such belief is supported by several studies which reported improvements in the academic achievement of students who belong in smaller classes. However, these smaller class sizes are yet effective in early grades. Second, more elective courses demand greater costs because they are usually made up of smaller classes. Third, as expected, automatic pay increases boost costs. Teachers and administrators are automatically given sala ry increase every time they acquire more have a go at it or move up to a higher qualification level. Unfortunately, this salary system is not associated with greater academic performance and better teaching it besides increases costs. And lastly, pension and health benefits, especially for those currently employed, also add pressure to education resources. All of these four factors undoubtedly increase education costs, but with little or no positive impact on student learning or academic performance. The author provides several strategic methods to resolve the dilemma of change magnitude costs and flat performance, such as definite objectives, a plan of action, and a clear strategic budgeting plan. Those schools with adequate resources but experiencing budget cutbacks must only consider strategies that will have the least effect on academic performance, such as a smaller number of administrators and instructional aides. On the early(a) hand, those schools with insufficient fundi ng must leave out small class sizes and consider more instructional coaches to enhance core classroom instruction (Odden, 2012, 50-52). In essence, a general plan of action can offer guidance to both sufficiently and insufficiently funded schools. The Midwestern middle school example shows how a substantially funded school can improve student learning without having to increase costs or demand additional resources. The problems with the school are that it has too galore(postnominal) staff, but no instructional coaches and tutors, and lacking in collaborative work which could promote student learning. According to the analysis, the school can in fact cede all the staffing needed to significantly enhance student learning (Odden, 2012, 54). Numerous staff positions and electives can be reallocated to areas that have greater impact on student performance, such as those for struggling students (e.g. poor, disabled, etc). The analysis shows that the suggested staffing allocation could d rastically enhance academic performance without additional staffing and/or funding. One of the main suggestions given to successfully address the issue of tightening budget in education is increasing class sizes in order to reallocate resources to other more important areas, alike programs for struggling students. As mentioned previously, studies have found that smaller class sizes positively impact student learning in early grades, but nothing has been

Classify different types of vacations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classify different types of vacations - Essay ExampleDifferent vacation areas have various categories of bookings depending on prices. They al-Qaeda their sort on the services offered in each category. As a result, a client who wants to visit their premises must select the category that lift out suits his/her financial category. The reason behind this categorization is to ensure that all resideed parties in taking vacation are catered for despite their financial status. Some of the categorization base on price includes fist class, second class and economy category (Scarry Sandra & Scarry posterior 2010).People have different interests when selecting their vacation. Some of these have their interest in mountain climbing, others in beaches desert etc. categorization under special attraction ensures that clients select the appropriate vacation section that will build him/her maximum satisfaction (Scarry Sandra & Scarry John 2010).Many vacation takes several days. As a result, it is important to decide the type of accommodation that one wants to undertake based on the interests and financial status. Some of the available accommodation categories include motels, cabin, trailer tents etc. proper selection helps the individual attain satisfaction from the vacation (Scarry Sandra & Scarry John 2010).Classification of the vacations based on the above basis gives the client an ability to restructure the plans and incorporate all activities that one wants to undertake in order to attain maximum satisfaction. It also enables one not to be extravagant as one stick to the outline plan despite getting other tempting activities during

Multinational businesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Multinational businesses - Essay Example(Veseth, 2010) This paper examines the phenomenon of orbicularisation and analyzes the effect of the phenomenon by taking the example of a company (Coca-Cola). The paper is divided into shares on globalisation and what it means as well as detailing the pros and cons of the process. Further, the issue of globalization in terms of whether it is undifferentiated with economic theory is also examined. The other section is the matter study of a company that has long been regarded as one of the prime beneficiaries of globalization and this section looks at the way in which globalization has benefited the company and the impact of the current recession on the prospects of the company. Globalization and the forces driving it There are many definitions of globalization depending on the way in which the phenomenon is viewed. For the purposes of this paper, it would suffice to state that globalization means the integration of markets across the worl d and the movement of people, goods and services across national boundaries. The phenomenon of globalization is closely tied with that of free trade and the theory of comparative advantage as proposed by one of the founding fathers of modern economics, David Ricardo. Whether the current practice of globalization is consistent with the economic theory would be examined in detail in the later paragraphs. (Bhagwati, 2004) If we examine the question as to what is globalization, we find that the term encompasses a bountiful range of activities that range from a) multinational companies seeking to setup operations in countries like China and India to take advantage of the lower costs of labour and the reciprocation rate differential that promotes exports from these countries to the Western world b) the free movement of people and ideas across countries in search of the best markets for their services because of the deregulation of the economies of the West as well as the East. (Friedman , 2005) The case for globalization seems pretty straightforward. If a company enjoys substantial cost advantages in production because of wage and exchange rate differentials, whence economic theory states that the company is better off producing in a landed estate where the costs are low and selling in a country where the margins on its products are more. Hence, this simple notion of free trade theory underpins much of the discussion on globalization. Further, economists like Jagdish Bhagwati have shown that the countries like the United States assoil in terms of having cheaper goods as well as outsourcing of jobs. The gains are in the nature of capital saved by relocating production and outsourcing functions that can be gainfully employed in the home countries for more productive purposes. The argument here is that the US gains in terms of moving up the value chain and expend in Research and Development while the activities at the bottom of the value chain like manufacturing ca n be done at lower costs. (Bhagwati, 2004) The case against globalization is that the process involves the movement of capital to the countries where costs are low and hence these countries build up huge reserves of foreign exchanges that lead to global imbalances in the way in which current account deficits in the US are

Personality Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

reputation Theory - Essay ExampleNevertheless, as adults, the parents were responsible for their sons death. paternal Abuse Resulting in Child Suicide The Personality of Both the Parents and Child which Results in Suicide The contingency of the child being abused by uncivilised parents is not uncommon. It can happen anytime as long as there are children with suicidal tendencies and parents who are predisposed to behave in a agency that they would hurt their children. Based on the details of the case, the child committed self-destruction because he must have been a typical case of Borderline Personality Disorder and his parents as well, and this must have unconsciously made them cause their own childs death. Definition of the Case and Important Things to Consider The case study involving the child who killed himself and the parents who abused him must be investigated in such a way that the roles of the child and the parents in bringing about the act of suicide are defined. Moreove r, one needs to consider the reasons why the child could have headstrong to kill himself and why the parents themselves were abusive. Understanding the underlying cause of their actions and decisions would shed to a greater extent light into why the suicide took place. The Possibility of Borderline Personality Disorder The child who killed himself whitethorn have been suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder, or BPD, because he displayed a similar set of symptoms as a typical case, and it was the parents fault that the degree of their abuse towards him made him decide to kill himself. BPD is a psychological riddle which is most commonly associated with self destructive behavior, which in turn is the most likely cause of the suicide (Paris, 2011). Moreover, someone with BPD is also most likely to be highly unstable emotionally and thus develops several mood swings especially as a rather automatic response to highly stressful events (Paris, 2011). These highly unstable emotion s and unpredictable mood swings may have reached their peak at the time of suicide and thus may have triggered the act itself. Coupled with a preexisting self destructive behavior, the sudden surge of depressive or angry emotions in the child may have been directed towards himself. Parental abuse may have triggered the depression and anger in the child, but since the child may have felt powerless, he did not choose to retaliate and instead decided to kill himself in order to end the extremely uncomfortable feeling of abuse, loss of personal value and loss of self-esteem. Moreover, since BPD is characterized by repetitive suicide attempts, accordingly it is obvious that the child was suffering from this or a similar disorder at the moment of suicide (Paris, 2011). The child may have therefore try suicide a number of times but perhaps during that time that he killed himself, there must have been too much anger in him that could not be contained anymore. There could also have been a l ot of anger that had piled up and perhaps the last cruel thing his parents did to him somehow served as the last straw that eventually made him decide to end his life. Furthermore, there might not have been anyone else in the house who could have at least(prenominal) stopped the child from committing suicide, or perhaps there was but this person might have also been powerless and helpless against the child

Hotensios wife Essay Example for Free

Hotensios wife Es jointPetruchio would say this in a condescending track because he prizes that a wife should obey her husband at all times and come to him even when she is busy.Ay, and a kind one too. You not a worseGremio would say this in a respectful way to Lucentio, but at the same time macrocosm contemptuous towards Petruchio.Sirrah Biondello. Come to me forthwithHortensio would say this in to a greater extent of an imposing way than Lucentio did to summon his wife. This would make the audience believe that Hotensios wife would definitely obey him.Biondello exits the room the same way as before, through the oak tree doors, and you hear him running down the hall.I am afraid, sir. not be entreated.Hortensio says this real derisively towards Petruchio because both Hortensio and the audience still think that Petruchio is idiotically blow his money.Biondello yet again comes back out of breath and with bad news.She says you have. You come to her.He tells Hortensio this in a very disdainful way because Hortensio was becoming very positively charged about the bet especially after Lucentio had failed with Biannca. Worse and worse She lead not come. Come to mePetruchio is mocking Hortensio because his wife gave an even worse answer than what Biannca gave to Lucentio. He then tells Gremio to order Kate to come to him he says this in a very superior way.I know her answerHortensio says this in a very apostolical tone of voice. I would make Hortensio say it in this way because I want the audience still to think that Biannca is not going to come and that Petruchio will be disgraced.Just before the doors open the gentlemen are laughing at the expense of Petruchio because they think he has done all this boasting about Kate being tamed and she wont obey him. As soon as the doors open and the audience see Kate I think that they would be very surprised and shocked, so I would make all the actors except Petruchio to faint to add a comical side to this instant.Wha t is your will, sir, that you send for me?Katherina would say this in a very polished voice and whilst saying this she would curtsy. This would also be a shock to the audience because they are used to Kate being very forceful in her dialect and in her physical presence.Go fetch them hither. Bring them hither straight.Petruchio would say this in a very condescending manner to Kate. As soon as Petruchio has ideal Kate abruptly rushes off to fetch the other women.Heres a wonder, if you talk of a wonder.Lucentio says this in a very astounded way. He says this because he cannot believe what he is seeing, I would expect the audience to feel the same because throughout the play Kate has never done anything she did not wish to do.Marry, peace it bodes. sweet and happy.Petruchio is saying that vivification with Kate is going to be a happy one the audience have started to see that Petruchio loves Kate and did all those cruel things so that she could live in peace with him.Nay, I will win my wager. virtue and obedience.Petruchio wants to prove what a good job of taming her he has done and how dutiful she is know.Kate then enters dragging Biannca and the leave by their pig through the large oak doors. When the door shuts she lets them go and walks towards Petruchio.I would your duty. Since supper time. Lucentio is very disappointed with Biannca and the actor would bring this out by saying these lines in a very saddened way.The more fool you for laying on my duty.Biannca would say this in a very patronising tone of voice. The audience would be quite astonished by Bianncas reply to Lucentio because she is usually very quiet and obedient.Katherine, I charge thee. Lords and husbands.Petruchio wants Kate to tell the people how a lady should act towards her husband/lord. The crowd will think that although Kate has changed she will not lower herself to that level. But she does in a way that still leaves her with a vast amount of pride.Kate starts her speech by insulting th e widow and saying that she should respect her masterFie, fie unknit that threatening unkind. Thy governor.She would say this in a very sarcastic, but malicious way. I would get the actress to say it in that way because although Kate does respect Petruchio she also has her own will and she also wants to intimidate the widow. As Kate would be saying this I feel that she should walk towards the widow in an baneful manor. As Kate walks up to her, the widow would cower away into a corner. This will arrangement the crowd that Kate is still domineering and robust.It blots thy beauty. meet or amiableKate is saying that being angry all of the time hides the fact that underneath that fiery surface is a beautiful majestic lady. The audience will at this lay out think that what Kate is saying is ironic because she was once fiery, but now the audience will start to realise that women who act this way disgust her.Thy husband is thy. sea and landThis is where Kate is saying how she expects ot her women to feel about their husbands because this is the way that she feels about Petruchio. Whilst she is saying this she will go up to Petruchio and kneel in front of him to show the audience how much respect she has for her husband.Too little payment for so great a debt. owes the prince.She is saying that women have a good life and merely have to repay their husband for all the tasks he has to do for her. As she says this she will scan across the room glaring at the other wives as if to say that they do not repay their husbands enough and should be thankful that he hasnt left them.I am ashamed that women are so simple. experience obey.

Treasury Bills Essay Example for Free

Treasury Bills EssayINTRODUCTIONExecutive SummaryInvestment is the process of putting excess funds of an individual, groups or companies in ventures that result have better returns. For the investment to be viable, a stream of benefits must be anticipated in future years. Investment can any be a bypass term or long term. The best investment option for the company or individual is always based on availability of funds to be committed and for how long. Short term investment always is made when an individual wants to recoup his funds quickly and normally heads of slight than twain years period. The interest price associated with it is always very small and can be ignored.Long term investment involves a long period to recoup the investment outlay.Most firms are at cross roads they are not sure where to invest the excess funds which can be either in the unwashed fund or treasury observations. The decision to put the money in either of the option will depend on the following How long will the funds be available?What is cost of capital to be use?Liquidity of the firmWhat other long-term and short term projects planned?What is the attitude towards risk?What is the government policy on investment?In order for me to come up with proper decision where to invest, we are undertaking a project to overcome the factors mentioned above. The objectives of the project will be-To identify the better investment at times excess of funds in the short-runTo identify the better investment at times of excess funds in the long-runTo identify the risky investment among the twoWhich of the two affects the liquidity of the fund in the long-run?Statement of the problemInvestment decisions are very important at times of excess funds or little funds. The investment in mutual funds or treasury bills is always a problem to individuals and companies. Companies or individuals without financial advisors may be set about with problem of choice.1.3 GoalsIn making an investment of funds that are available, the investor needs to identify which investment is ideal the treasury bills or money market mutual fund.1.4 Objectives or tasksThe objectives of the study will be based on the following-Which of the two has less risk?What are the interest rates that are offered?What has been the operation of each in the past?What are the certainty recouping funds in full at times of inflation?Which attracts less tax?Who has issued the Treasury bill or mutual fund?From past records mutual funds are riskier as compared to Treasury bill. This is because it is assured that governments will note their entire obligation as compared institutions. Governments can not become insolvent being issuers of treasury bills except one that past a resolution in parliament not honour their debts.Treasury bills always offer a lower rate as compared to mutual funds money market. Treasury bills are either 90 daytime or 180 day periods which can be rolled over in case the investor does not need the funds immediately.The project will cost 2400 to its completion. The funding will be provided by the Scholarship Provider. EditingThe advertise will compile and analysed after the data has been collected. The topic will be indite by James and taken for typesetting at Marys place. After typesetting the report will be printed and copies given to James, Joseph, John, Mary, Asnata and Jane for checking and editing to produce a safe(p) copy. After the editing each editing member contributions will forward to Mr. Johnson for inputting and typeset document, a final draft will be produced. All name are imaginary Action and Recommendation 1 LayoutThe project report will be forty four pages, typeset on font surface of 12, double spaced, with one page abstract. It will contain introduction, problem statement, goals and the financial statement for project. It will be produced and spiral bound.3.2 TableTimetableActionTime translationResearchBegin 14/7/07End 28/7/07 Research method will be chosen Develop research expertness Identify the investors to be used Identify methods used in the research Identify other sources to referenced Prepare research questionnaire for interviewsWriting29/7/07To31/7/07 Compile and analysis the research data Tabulate the information equanimous Choose the format of report writing Choose writers for the report and give them directions Write and type write the dataEditing1/8/07To3/8/07 Choose editors of the report from among the participants Print a rocky draft for editing Editing takes places Print the edited copy and ask them to redit itPrinting4/8/07The report is printed out as per number of copies unavoidableBinding5/8/0710/8/07 The report is taken for editing before distribution The report is distributedBudget for the ProjectActivity descriptionCostResearch Research method will be chosen Develop research capability Identify the investors to be used Identify methods used in the research Identify other sources to referenced Prepare res earch questionnaire for interviews1200Writing Compile and analysis the research data Tabulate the information gathered Choose the format of report writing Choose writers for the report and give them directions Write and type write the data300Editing Choose editors of the report from among the participants Print a rough draft for editing Editing takes places Print the edited copy and ask them to reedit it200PrintingThe report is printed out as per number of copies needed500Binding The report is taken for editing before distribution The report is distributed100TOTAL24003.3 OutlineThe project will have six sections.Executive summary will summarize the whole reportIntroduction This will contain statement of the problemInteractive review article This will have a review of the existing research materials on the topic of research.Research Methods used in the research and how data is collected information analysis This will contain the research data its analysis and tabulation REFERENCESEu gene Brigham, Michael Ehrhardt Financial Management, Theory and Practice, Thomson South-Western, 2005Robert Hudson, Alan Colley The Capital Markets Financial Management in Banking, Lessons Professional, 2000Neil Herman Jacoby, Raymond Joseph telephone line Finance and Banking, Ayer Pub, 2000Naciones Unidas Transnational Corporations Management Division, M Moffett, International Financial Management, Routledge 1993

Greek Mythology and Athena Essay Example for Free

Greek Mythology and Athena EssayOn the top of Mt. Olympus lived one of the greatest g o d d e s s e s , A t h e n a . A t h e n a w a s k n o w n a s a g o d d e s s o f w a r, w i s d o m a n d a r t s . S h e i s p o r t r a y e d a s s t r o n g , f a i r a n d m e r c i f u l . S h e h e l p e d m a n y w a r r i o r s o n t h e i r j o u r n e y s . S h e w a s g r e a t l y a d m i r e d b y h u m a n s f o r h e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o m a n .A t h e n a w a s a l s o v e r y i n t e l l i g e n t a n d t h o u g h t f u l s h e r a r e l y l o s t h e r t e m p e ra n d p u s h e d f o r a s o l u t i o n t h a t w a s b e n e f i c i a l .A s y o u r e a d o n y o u w i l l f i n d t h a t A t h e n a w a s a g r e a t a s s e t t o t h e O l y m p i a n s a n d h a d f a r m o r e p o s i t i v e a t t r i b u t e s t h a n o t h e r g o d d e s s e s . The birth of Athena was more than an laughable one. Her m o t h e r w a s M e t i s a n d h e r f a t h e r Z e u s . Z e u s r e i g n e d o v e r a l l t h e gods and goddesses of Mt. Olympus. It is no wonder that a god this powerful and dominant would need no womanhood to bear hiso f f s p r i n g .Z e u s w a s t o l d b y h i s m o t h e r a n d F a t h e r t h a t M e t i s w o u l d b a r e c h i l d r e n . Z e u s w a s n o t h a p p y a b o u t t h i s h e f e l t i t w o u l d j e o p a r d i z e h i s p o s i t i o n a s r u l e r. W h e n M e t i s w a s a b o u t t o g i v e b i r t h , Z e u s s w a l l o w e d h e r a n d i n t h e p r o c e s s g a i n e d h e r i n t e l l i g e n c e a n d w i s d o m . A t t h e t i m e Z e u s t h o u g h t i t w a s a g o o d i d e a b u t i t w a s n o w c a u s i n g h i m p a i n .H i s h e a d a c h e b e c a m e s o s e v e r e t h a t h e w o u l d d o a n y t h i n g t o r e l i e v e i t . H e gave permission for another god to hit him in the head with an axe. When he did this, out popped Athena full grown and w e a r i n g a s u i t o f a r m o r . A t h e n a b e c a m e h e r f a t h e r s f a v o r i t e . S h e r e m a i n e d h i s a l l y b u t a l s o h i s p r o t e c t o r.S h e p r o m o t e d h i s i n t e r e s t s a n d s e r v e d a s h i s a d v i s o r. A t h e n a a l s o i n h e r i t e d s o m ei m p o r t a n t t r a i t s f r o m h e r m o t h e r a s w e l l w i s d o m a n d j u s t i c e were two of the big ones. A t h e n a w a s t h e g o d d e s s o f w i s d o m a n d w a r . S h e w a s normally depicted holding a spear, but she was known more for h e r r o l e a s m e d i a t o r a n d d i p l o m a t t h a n f o r a c t u a l l y f i g h t i n g i n b a t t l e . H e r d e c i s i o n s w e r e h i g h l y e t h i c a l a n d s e l d o m m o t i v a t e d b y h e r s e l f i n t e r e s t o r b e l i e f s .M a n y o f t h e G r e e k m y t h s t e l ltales of her giving help to various gods, goddesses and heros a s t h e y w e n t i n t o b a t t l e . A t h e n a h a d g i v e n P e r s e u s h i s m o s t h e l p f u l t o o l t o s l a y M e d u s a , h i s s h i e l d . A n y o n e w h o l o o k e d t h e m o n s t e r d i r e c t l y i n t h e e y e s w o u l d b e t u r n e d t o s t o n e . A f t e r h e b e h e a d e s M e d u s a h e g a v e i t t o A t h e n a t o d e c o r a t e h e r a r m o u r. A l s o o n t h e v o y a g e b a c k f r o m t r o y s h e p r o t e c t e d U l y s s e s . T h e nearly help she gave though was to Hercules.She stood by his s i d e a n d w a s a g r e a t c o m f o r t t o h i m . A f t e r h i s p a s s i n g s h e w e l c o m e d h i m i n t o t h e g a t e s o f M t . O l y m p u s . A t h e n a c a m e d o w n f r o m M t . O l y m p u s a n d w a l k e d b e t w e e n t h e t w o a r m i e s a n d m a d e b o t h s i d e s s w e a r t o k e e p p e a c e , s h e d i d t h i s t o p r e v e n t t h e T r o j a n Wa r .U n f o r t u n a t e l y o n e o f t h e s o l d i e r s w e n t a g a i n s t h i s o a t h a n d l e t l o o s e h i s a r r o w t h i s w a s t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h eT r o j a n Wa r . A t h e n a e x p r e s s e d h e r a n g e r t o w a r d t h e s o l d i e r b y helping the other side to victory. In one of her about well known adventures Athena took shape of men, women and children to l e a d w a n d e r i n g O d y s s e u s . T h i s a l l o w e d h i m t o r e t u r n h o m e s a f e l y t o h i s f a m i l y a n d c h i l d r e n . Athena is one of the three virgin goddesses, referred to as a v i r g i n b e c a u s e s h e w a s a b l e t o r e m a i n u n s w a y e d b y A p h r o d i t e .Aphrodite is the goddess of love, marriage and motherhood. M o t h e r l e s s h e r s e l f , A t h e n a u s u a l l y p l a c e d P a t r i a r c h a l principles above motherly bonds. Athena not only gave to the w a r r i o r s b u t t o a l l h u m a n s . H e r r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s w e r e g i v i n g w i s d o m , i n v e n t i o n s , i n s p i r a t i o n s a n d p r o t e c t i n g t h e A t h e n s . O n e o f h e r g r e a t e s t g i f t s w a s h e r k n o w l e d g e o f t a m i n g h o r s e s , s h e taught the people of Cyrene and word before long spread.She alsoc r e a t e d t h e p o t t e r y w h e e l a n d m a d e t h e f i r s t v a s e o n i t . S h e w a s a l s o a g r e a t w e a v e r a n d l o v e d t o d e c o r a t e . S h e w a s a g o d d e s s o f m a n y t a l e n t s a n d a n e x p e r t a r t i s a n . N o b o d y e v e r c a m e c l o s e t o s u r p a s s i n g h e r w o r k a l t h o u g h a y o u n g m o r t a l w o m a n n a m e d A r a c h n e s p u t h e r t o t h e t e s t .T h e c h a l l e n g e w a s t o s e e w h o w a s t h e b e t t e r w e a v e r. A r a c h n e s t a p e s t r y h a d o f f e n d e d h e r g r e a t l y,i t d e p i c t e d Z e u s a s a d u l t e r o u s . A t h e n a r i p p e d t h e t a p e s t r y t o s h r e d s a n d A r a c h n e e v e n t u a l l y h u n g h e r s e l f . O n c e A t h e n a h a d cooled off from what had happened, she transformed the woman i n t o a s p i d e r o u t o f p i t y.T h e w o m a n w a s n o w a b l e t o w e a v e b e a u t i f u l s p i d e r w e b s f o r e t e r n i t y. In the past Poseidon and Athena had a difference of opinion to take over a c i t y i n G r e e c e . To s e t t l e t h e a r g u m e n t , t h e y e a c h h a d t o g i v e ag i f t t o t h e c i t y.T h e o n e w i t h t h e b e t t e r g i f t w o u l d b e c o m e l e a d e r o f t h e c i t y. P o s e i d o n g a v e a s p r i n g o f w a t e r t o t h e c i t y, b e c a u s e i t w a s s a l t w a t e r i t w a s o f n o u s e t o t h e p e o p l e . A t h e n a g a v e t h e c i t y a n o l i v e t r e e . F r o m t h i s t r e e t h e y c o u l d e a t , m a k e oil and have wood for fire. By ruling of the city, Athenas throw w a s b e t t e r t h a n P o s e i d o n s . I n h e r h o n o r t h e y n a m e d t h e c i t y A t h e n s .T h e r e i s a l s o a p a l a c e d e d i c a t e d t o h e r i n A t h e n s . H e r s y m b o l s a r e t h e o w l a n d t h e o l i v e t r e e . T h e o l i v e s , t a m i n g o f t h e h o r s e a n d h e r c r e a t i o n o f t h e p o t t e r y w h e e l w e r e a l l c o n t r i b u t i o n s t h a t w e r e g r e a t l y a d m i r e d . O t h e r w o m e n r a r e l y t o o k t h r e a t t o A t h e n a t h e m o s t n o t a b l e e x c e p t i o n t h o u g h w a s h e r c h i l d h o o d f r i e n d P a l l a s .I n o n e o f t h e s t o r i e s P a l l a s a n dA t h e n a w e r e b o t h t o m b o y s a n d i n s e p a r a b l e , t h e y p r a c t i c e d f i g h t i n g s k i l l s a n d s h a r e d p l a y f u l a d v e n t u r e s . D u r i n g t a r g e t p r a c t i c e , A t h e n a a c c i d e n t a l l y s h o t a n d k i l l e d P a l l a s w i t h a b o w and arrow. So distraught over the loss of her friend, Athena t o o k P a l l a s n a m e a n d a d d e d i t t o h e r s . O f t e n t i m e s s h e w a s r e f e r r e d t o a s P a l l a s A t h e n a , t h i s w a s t o h o n o r h e r f r i e n d .N o to n l y d i d A t h e n a s d e c i s i o n s d e m o n s t r a t e w i s d o m b u t a l s o c o m p a s s i o n a s w e l l . I n a n o t h e r s t o r y a m a n n a m e d Te i r e s i a s a c c i d e n t a l l y w a l k e d i n o n A t h e n a w h i l e s h e w a s b a t h i n g . T h i s w a s a n a c t t h a t n o r m a l l y w o u l d h a v e b e e n p u n i s h e d b y d e a t h . Athena took pity on him though she covered his eyes with her hands making the man blind. She gave him the gift of inner s i g h t.A t h e n a n o r m a l l y p u t p a t r i a r c h a l p r i n c i p l e s a b o v em a t r i a r c h a l b o n d s . S h e i d e n t i f i e d w i t h t h e p a t r i a r c h y a n d usually supported their side in a dispute. In the first psychometric test of h i s t o r y, A t h e n a c a s t t h e f i n a l v o t e o n a c q u i t t i n g O r e s t e s o f m u r d e r i n g h i s m o t h e r t o a v e n g e h i s f a t h e r s d e a t h . S h e w a s p e r s u a d e d b y A p o l l o w h o s a i d a m o t h e r s d e a t h w a s o f l e s s i m p o r t a n c e t h a n a f a t h e r. Wo m e n s i m p l y n u r t u r e a s e e d b u t m e n a c t u a l l y p l a n t i t .M e n a r e v i e w e d a s h i g h e r i m p o r t a n c e t o A t h e n a . M o r e t h a n a n y o f t h e o t h e r g o d d e s s e s A t h e n a r e m a i n s a s y m b o l o f k n o w l e d g e , w i s d o m , l o g i c a n d c i v i l i z a t i o n . A t h e n a r e m i n d s u s t h a t w e c a n s u c c e s s f u l l y u s e o u r i n t e l l e c t a n d c r e a t i v i t y t o r e a c h a n y g o a l s . WORKS CITED 1. ) http//www. theoi. com/Olympios/AthenaMyths. html 2. ) http//ancienthistory. about. com/cs/grecoromanmyth1/p/Athena. htm 3. ) http//gogreece. about. com/cs/mytholo gy/a/mythathena. htm.